New vaccine offers hope in managing whooping cough

Researchers have revealed a novel vaccine for whooping cough that may provide stronger protection and prevent the disease from spreading. In 2024, England recorded around 15,000 cases of whooping cough, resulting in 11 infant deaths, a sharp rise from the previous year's 856 cases.

Currently, the NHS offers vaccinations to infants, children, and pregnant women to guard against whooping cough. The newly developed nasal spray, created in Southampton, targets the bacteria in the nose and throat, aiming to deliver longer-lasting immunity for all age groups, not just newborns.

The vaccine, named BPZE1, was developed at the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre. Trials showed it generated strong immune responses both in the nasal passages and in the bloodstream.

Whooping cough is highly contagious and can be fatal, especially in young babies. Existing vaccines do not provide lifelong immunity and do not prevent carriers from transmitting the bacteria. The NIHR, funded by the Department of Health and Social Care, supported the research.

Professor Robert Read, who led the Southampton study, stated that the vaccine "could represent a significant advancement in halting the spread of the disease." If further trials confirm the results and the vaccine receives approval, it could be administered to both children and adults.

Public health minister Ashley Dalton described the development as a "major breakthrough" in protecting against whooping cough. He emphasized that it could reduce transmission and offer long-term immunity for everyone, demonstrating the strength of the UK's research sector in safeguarding future generations.

Early symptoms of whooping cough resemble a common cold, but the condition progresses to severe coughing fits, sometimes producing a characteristic "whoop" sound. Parents are advised to seek immediate medical attention if infants under six months show signs of the illness.

The current vaccination schedule includes the whooping cough vaccine as part of the 6-in-1 immunization for babies, with a pre-school booster at age three. Pregnant women are recommended to receive the vaccine around 20 weeks into their pregnancy.

Author: Sophia Brooks