Dutch group against blackface claims victory after 15 years.

For many, a beloved Christmas tradition; for others, deeply offensive: the Dutch character "Black Pete," a helper to Santa Claus, has sparked debate in the Netherlands for decades. Traditionally, on the eve of Saint Nicholas Day (December 5), people would dress as Black Pete, with blackened faces, afro wigs, exaggerated lips, and creole-style earrings, reenacting a figure linked to colonial imagery.

In 2010, activist Jerry Afriyie launched the "Kick Out Zwarte Piet" (KOZP) movement to challenge the racist undertones of the tradition. After years of advocacy, Afriyie now declares the campaign largely successful. This time of year, there used to be hundreds of people in blackface everywhere. Today, its different, Afriyie said in Amsterdam, noting that even children now correct him by calling the figure simply "Piet."

Afriyie's initiative, supported by his organization "Nederlands Wordt Beter" (The Netherlands is Improving), set three main goals: teach Dutch colonial history in schools, commemorate the victims of slavery annually, and eliminate the Black Pete character. KOZP staged peaceful protests during public Saint Nicholas celebrations, often facing backlash from tradition supporters. The campaign gained international attention, especially during the 2020 Black Lives Matter movement, prompting Prime Minister Mark Rutte to call for the tradition to be reconsidered.

Afriyie emphasized that Black Pete originated from Jan Schenkman, who depicted the figure as a black servant to a white master. Its a black servant serving a white master, Afriyie explained, adding that by 2025, the tradition was unnecessary and harmful to children.

The movement aimed to "de-normalize" blackface in Dutch celebrations. KOZPs efforts have led many municipalities to make the festivities more inclusive, resulting in no protests this year. Ipsos surveys show support for maintaining the traditional Black Pete has fallen from 65% in 2016 to 38% today.

Some supporters have adapted the character instead of abandoning it. Gipsy Peters, dressed as a "modern Pete" with a purple wig and lightly soot-dusted face, said, Traditions can continue but with adjustments. It should focus on children, not skin color.

However, others, including far-right politician Geert Wilders, continue to defend the classic Black Pete portrayal. Many Dutch still use blackface informally, with supporters arguing it is about fun rather than racism. Jaimy Sanders, a plumber, commented, Its about childrens enjoyment, not about the adults who complain.

Afriyie acknowledged the progress made while recognizing the ongoing struggle against racism in the Netherlands. Being black in this country, weve experienced it all, he said. Significant steps have been taken, but the fight isnt over. The nation must stay accountable for the work that remains.

Analysis: The Evolution of the Black Pete Tradition in the Netherlands

The long-standing debate over the Dutch Black Pete character reflects a broader societal reckoning with racism and colonial history. Activist Jerry Afriyie’s "Kick Out Zwarte Piet" campaign has shifted public perception, reducing the prevalence of blackface in Saint Nicholas celebrations and fostering a more inclusive approach.

Surveys indicate a significant decline in support for the traditional portrayal, dropping from 65% in 2016 to 38% today. Many municipalities have modified the celebrations, while some individuals have adapted the character with neutral features, emphasizing fun for children rather than racial stereotypes.

Despite progress, resistance remains from certain groups and political figures, demonstrating that tradition and cultural identity continue to clash with anti-racist advocacy. Afriyie underscores that while steps have been taken, ongoing vigilance is required to address racism and uphold accountability in Dutch society.

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• After 15 years, Dutch anti-blackface group declares victory