Researchers uncover astonishing findings on extensive influence of seabirds: 'Truly remarkable'

New research highlights the significant role seabirds play in linking oceans and islands to human well-being. A study conducted by Lancaster University, published in Nature Reviews Biodiversity, explored how seabirds contribute to the transfer of nutrients between marine and terrestrial environments worldwide.

Researchers described this process as a "circular seabird economy," emphasizing its importance for maintaining healthy ocean ecosystems. Seabirds consume food from the sea and deposit nutrient-rich waste, known as guano, across both land and water. This guano acts as a potent natural fertilizer, supporting plant life around nesting sites.

Historically, guano was highly valued for agriculture. In the 19th century, Spain attempted to seize the guano-covered Chincha Islands from Peru due to its remarkable fertilizing properties. While modern chemical fertilizers have largely replaced guano in farming, its ecological effects remain crucial. Nutrient runoff from seabird colonies enhances coral growth, increases fish populations, and strengthens the resilience of marine ecosystems against climate change, according to Professor Nicholas Graham of Lancaster University, a co-author of the study.

The study also examined less-studied habitats such as mangroves and seagrass meadows, both critical for biodiversity. Seagrass, in particular, is one of the most effective natural carbon sinks on Earth, sequestering carbon 35 times faster than rainforests, according to the World Wildlife Fund.

However, about one-third of all seabird species are threatened with extinction. Rising sea levels endanger the low-lying islands where many seabirds breed. The studys authors stress the need for local protections, highlighting strategies such as removing invasive species and relocating chicks to safer habitats. Stephanie Borrelle from BirdLife International explained that these measures can help restore nutrient flows and revive island and marine ecosystems, benefiting biodiversity on a large scale.

Author: Ava Mitchell