Researchers believe we can 'recharge' our cells and turn back the aging process

Many age-related and degenerative conditions are linked to cells losing their energy-producing mitochondria. Researchers have now developed a technique where special biomaterial structures are inserted into donor stem cells, encouraging them to generate more mitochondria.

When these enhanced stem cells were combined with damaged cells, the mitochondria from the donors transferred to the ailing cells, effectively rejuvenating them. This breakthrough could pave the way for future regenerative treatments.

Cells function similarly to battery-powered devices, with mitochondria acting as the batteries that provide essential energy. Over time, mitochondria degrade, reducing a cells energy output, but they can potentially be replenished or repaired.

Mitochondrial deterioration leads to cellular malfunctions. Aging, oxidative stress, inflammation, and certain toxins can all harm mitochondria, diminishing the cells ability to produce energy. Biomedical engineer Akhilesh Gaharwar and his team at Texas A&M University have created a method to stimulate mitochondrial regeneration.

While healthy cells can naturally donate mitochondria to damaged cells, this process is slow and insufficient for complete restoration. Dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders.

Gaharwars team accelerated this process by engineering nanostructures, called nanoflowers, from molybdenum disulfide and embedding them into human mesenchymal stem cells. These stem cells are particularly suited for this work due to their immune resilience and efficient energy use.

The nanoflowers create an environment that boosts mitochondrial formation, enabling stem cells to produce up to twice as many mitochondria as usual. When introduced to energy-depleted cells, the enhanced mitochondria transfer efficiently, restoring function to the recipient cells.

The benefits extend beyond cellular rejuvenation. Smooth muscle cells in blood vessel walls require high energy for proper contraction, which regulates blood pressure. By supplying extra mitochondria, these cells improved their metabolism and even exhibited changes in gene expression.

Currently, this technique has only been tested in vitro. Gaharwar plans to conduct animal studies to determine its effectiveness in living organisms. Early-stage degenerative conditions may be the most responsive to this approach.

Our molybdenum disulfide nanoflower method offers a versatile platform for diseases needing mitochondrial repair, Gaharwar explained. By enhancing mitochondrial transfer and stimulating new mitochondria production, this strategy could become a valuable tool for addressing mitochondrial dysfunction.

Author: Aiden Foster