WHO releases first-ever guidelines for utilizing GLP-1 weight loss medications

The World Health Organization (WHO) has published new recommendations for adults with obesity regarding GLP-1 medications, advising their continuous use over the long term when clinically indicated. Drugs included in the guidance are semaglutide (Wegovy), liraglutide (Saxenda), and tirzepatide (Zepbound).

According to the WHO, these medications alone do not solve the global obesity crisis. Obesity is a chronic condition requiring lifelong management, and the most effective approach combines GLP-1 therapy with structured programs emphasizing balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, and ongoing behavioral counseling to achieve and maintain weight loss.

Dr. Louis Aronne, director of the Comprehensive Weight Control Center at Weill Cornell Medicine, commented to ABC News that the guidance represents a major shift: recognizing obesity early as a chronic disease deserving continuous care is becoming a standard part of healthcare.

The guidance also points to significant challenges, including high costs, limited availability, and unequal access worldwide. The WHO urges governments to create fair and affordable systems to ensure that those with the greatest medical need can access these treatments first. Medications should be used appropriately within a comprehensive treatment plan.

GLP-1 medications often help patients adhere to dietary recommendations by reducing hunger and moderating food cravings. Dr. Aronne explained that many patients find it easier to maintain healthier eating habits as these drugs help them feel full sooner. He also stressed the importance of incorporating resistance training to preserve muscle mass during weight loss, as rapid weight reduction combined with low-calorie intake can lead to muscle loss.

Medicines are most effective when combined with behavioral and dietary changes, Dr. Aronne said. When hunger is controlled, people can finally implement the healthy habits they have been advised to follow for years.

Currently, over 1 billion people worldwide live with obesity, a figure expected to rise to 2 billion by 2030. The WHO indicated that future guidance will prioritize identifying and supporting those with the greatest need. Additionally, the organization recommends that countries revamp their obesity care strategies, improving prevention, treatment, and healthcare infrastructure to tackle this escalating public health issue.

Dr. Aronne added, This marks a generational shift in approach focusing on treating obesity early rather than waiting for complications to develop.

Meredith Montgomery, MD, a pediatrician and pediatric emergency medicine fellow at Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, contributed to the ABC News Medical Unit report.

Author: Sophia Brooks