Researchers uncover more than 20 illegal operations: 'Causing nothing but harm'

Despite the ban on rare earth extraction in Laos, illegal mining operations have been appearing in recent years, posing a serious threat to the Mekong River system. Weak regulatory enforcement and limited public oversight have allowed at least 27 rare earth mines to start operations across the region's river basins since 2022, according to Mongabay.

Although prohibited, foreign investors, particularly from China, have found ways to bypass restrictions by forming connections with local officials or influential community members, who then grant permission for mining activities. Research by the U.S.-supported Stimson Center revealed 27 rare earth mines, 23 of which are potentially within protected areas. Fifteen of these mines are situated within the Mekong River basin, a vital biodiversity hotspot supporting over 50 million people dependent on its water, food, and resources.

These mining activities threaten not only the environment but also local livelihoods. In 2024, severe pollution and chemical spills from mines in two northeastern provinces prompted government intervention due to the extreme contamination levels.

The main concerns with these mines are their harmful impacts on communities and waterways. The 2024 incident saw rivers heavily contaminated with acidic and cyanide substances, causing massive fish die-offs that affected 36 villages. Fish are crucial both as a food source and for income, meaning such losses severely impact local populations. Additionally, exploratory clearing for mine locations often results in extensive deforestation, displacing wildlife and reducing resources for nearby residents.

Land rights are also disrupted, as communities are forced to relocate to accommodate mining operations. The use of heavy machinery generates significant dust, contributing to respiratory problems for people living nearby.

Efforts to halt illegal rare earth mining in Laos face significant obstacles. Proposed legal adjustments may even facilitate the establishment of additional mines. One local resident from northeastern Laos told Mongabay, "When people try to protect the forests, even national protected areas, the challenge is that the mining keeps coming it's not sustainable development, it only destroys."

Author: Sophia Brooks