Researchers find hope in numerous rare sightings of critically endangered species: 'Focus now shifts to addressing the human impact on the issue'

Marine scientists have recently observed up to 10 vaquita porpoises, one of the world's most endangered marine mammals, during a survey in Mexico's Upper Gulf of California. The sightings, which included calves and a potentially pregnant female, suggest that the tiny population is still reproducing despite decades of decline, according to Inside Climate News.

The month-long September survey was conducted by experienced marine mammal researchers in partnership with the Mexican government and the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, even amid challenging hurricane season conditions.

"It's extremely encouraging to see females reproducing successfully and their offspring surviving," said Barbara Taylor, a biologist with over 30 years of experience monitoring whales, dolphins, and porpoises. "Recovery seems possible, but immediate efforts must focus on addressing human impacts."

Native only to the Upper Gulf of California, vaquitas have been severely threatened by illegal gillnet fishing. When the species was first studied in the late 1990s, about 600 individuals were estimated to exist. Numbers have since plummeted by more than 90%.

Protecting the vaquita is part of a larger global initiative to promote sustainable fishing practices that support both marine ecosystems and fishing communities. In 2022, the Mexican Navy installed hundreds of concrete blocks with metal hooks in the Zero Tolerance Area, reducing illegal netting in the zone by over 90%. Additionally, more than 800 small fishing vessels are now required to carry satellite trackers to monitor activity within the vaquita refuge. Alternative fishing gear that reduces harm to marine life is also being developed and tested.

"Ongoing dialogue with fishing communities has been positive," said Marina Robles Garca, undersecretary of biodiversity and environmental restoration at Mexico's Secretariat of Environment and Natural Resources. "The approach is collaborative rather than confrontational."

Past conservation efforts show that dedicated actions can help species recover. Reintroduction programs for wolves have restored ecosystem balance in North America, while marine protected areas have allowed fish populations to rebound worldwide.

Taylor emphasized the importance of expanding protections to new areas where vaquitas are moving. "Enforcement improvements can turn a theoretical Zero Tolerance Area into an actual sanctuary for vaquitas," she noted.

Author: Sophia Brooks