Three polar vortices cause temperatures to drop in central and eastern U.S. as initial Arctic cold front approaches

The first surge of Arctic air from a shifting polar vortex has driven temperatures sharply downward across the central and eastern United States, threatening historic lows in numerous locations from Iowa to Maine. Meteorologists warn that two additional waves of frigid air are expected over the coming two weeks.

The end of this week will see some of the coldest conditions of the season as a front moves from the Midwest into the Northeast and mid-Atlantic, said Renee Duff, senior meteorologist at AccuWeather.

Duff explained that the polar vortex has shifted, allowing Arctic air to flow southward into much of the central and eastern U.S. Following this first cold spell, another is anticipated next week, with a third likely in mid-December, she added.

Current and Forecast Temperatures

The Midwest experienced severe cold starting Thursday, with multiple cities in Iowa breaking record lows. Waterloo recorded -15F, surpassing the previous record of -7F set in 1991. Additional record-breaking lows are expected across the Midwest, Ohio Valley, and Mid-Atlantic over the next few days. Some areas may see temperatures fall below zero, creating hazards such as frostbite and hypothermia.

The northern Mid-Atlantic and New England also endured intense cold on Friday. New York City temperatures hovered around 20F, while much of New England saw readings in the low to mid-teens. Albany, N.Y., registered a single-digit 1F.

Subzero conditions are forecast from the Dakotas and Minnesota down to Iowa and Nebraska due to this Arctic outbreak. The National Weather Service predicts the following temperature ranges for the next couple of days:

• Midwest: teens to 20s F
• New England: 20s to 30s F
• Central and southern Plains east to the mid-Atlantic: 30s to 40s F
• Texas and Southeast: 40s to 50s F

Paul Pastelok, lead long-range meteorologist at AccuWeather, confirmed that this cold wave is the first of three expected over the coming weeks.

Understanding the Polar Vortex

The polar vortex is a large area of low pressure and cold air that surrounds the poles. Its counterclockwise rotation keeps frigid air near the poles, but during winter, the vortex can expand southward along the jet stream, bringing Arctic air into the United States.

Safety Precautions

If Power is Lost

AccuWeather recommends winterizing homes, checking furnaces, and securing heating supplies. The American Red Cross advises:

• Only use generators, grills, or camp stoves outdoors away from windows to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.
• Never use ovens or stoves for heating.
• Use battery-powered lanterns or flashlights instead of candles.
• Close off unneeded rooms and maintain safe distances from heat sources.

Outdoor Safety

To prevent frostbite and cold-related injuries:

• Cover as much skin as possible and wear multiple layers of loose-fitting warm clothing.
• Use hats, snug mittens, scarves, or ski masks and water-resistant boots.
• Avoid overexertion when walking through snow to reduce risk of heart attacks or other medical emergencies.

Author: Benjamin Carter