Three polar vortices cause temperatures to drop in central and eastern U.S. as the first Arctic cold front arrives

The central and eastern United States are experiencing a dramatic temperature drop as the first surge of Arctic air, driven by a shifting polar vortex, sweeps across the region. Cities and towns from Iowa to Maine are facing temperatures that threaten to break records dating back centuries. Meteorologists warn that two additional waves of severe cold are expected in the coming weeks.

This week will conclude with some of the coldest air weve seen so far this season as a cold front moves from the Midwest toward the Northeast and mid-Atlantic, said Renee Duff, a senior meteorologist at AccuWeather.

According to Duff, the polar vortexs displacement is allowing frigid Arctic air to move southward. She added that a second and third round of extreme cold are forecast for the next few weeks.

Timing and Intensity of the Cold

Parts of the Midwest already felt the harsh cold on Thursday. In Iowa, several cities recorded new low-temperature records. Waterloo reached minus 15 degrees, surpassing the previous record of minus 7 degrees set in 1991. More record lows are possible in the coming days, particularly across the Midwest, Ohio Valley, and Mid-Atlantic regions. Some areas are expected to drop below zero overnight, emphasizing the need for protective clothing and limited outdoor exposure to prevent frostbite and hypothermia.

The northern mid-Atlantic and New England also experienced freezing conditions on Friday morning. New York City saw temperatures near 20 degrees, while much of New England recorded readings in the low to mid-teens. Albany, New York, dropped to a single-digit 1 degree above zero. Subzero temperatures are also forecasted for the Dakotas, Minnesota, Iowa, and Nebraska.

Temperature Forecasts

• Midwest: teens to 20s
• New England: 20s and 30s
• Central/southern Plains east to mid-Atlantic: 30s and 40s
• Texas and Southeast: 40s and 50s

Paul Pastelok, AccuWeathers lead long-range meteorologist, noted, This will be the first of likely three significant cold events, with another wave next week and a third the following week.

Understanding the Polar Vortex

The polar vortex is a large area of low pressure and frigid air that typically encircles the north and south poles. Its counterclockwise rotation keeps the cold air contained near the poles. During winter in the Northern Hemisphere, the vortex can expand, pushing Arctic air southward along the jet stream.

Safety Measures During Power Outages

AccuWeather recommends winterizing homes, checking heating systems, and securing fuel supplies. The American Red Cross advises the following if power is lost:

• Use generators, grills, or camp stoves outdoors, away from windows, to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.
• Do not use ovens or stoves for heating, as this can cause fires and poisoning.
• Use battery-powered lights instead of candles.
• Close off unneeded rooms and maintain safe distances from heat sources.

Staying Safe Outdoors

If venturing outside, cover exposed skin to prevent frostbite. Dress in loose, layered clothing, wear hats and mittens, and use scarves or ski masks. Water-resistant boots are recommended. Avoid overexertion in deep snow to reduce the risk of serious health issues.

Author: Lucas Grant